| Nominative |
Subject |
Indicates the subject of a sentence. |
"Ο ἀνήρ νικᾷ." (The man wins.) |
| Genitive |
Of Possession |
Shows ownership or possession. |
"τὸ βιβλίον τοῦ ἀνδρός" (The man's book) |
| Genitive |
Absolute |
A construction independent of the rest of the sentence, often setting the scene or time. |
"Τοῦ βασιλέως ἀποθνῄσκοντος, ἡ πόλις ἐταράχθη." (With the king dying, the city was in turmoil.) |
| Genitive |
Partitive |
Indicates a part or quantity of a whole. |
"Ἐκ τῶν στρατιωτῶν" (Some of the soldiers) |
| Dative |
Of Possession |
Indicates possession, often rendered as "to have" in English. |
"Τοῖς παιδίοις ἐστι βιβλίον." (The children have a book.) |
| Dative |
Indirect Object |
Receives the action of the verb indirectly. |
"Δίδωσιν τῷ δούλῳ ἄρτον." (He gives bread to the slave.) |
| Accusative |
Direct Object |
Directly receives the action of the verb. |
"Λύει τὸν δεσμόν." (He loosens the bond.) |
| Dative |
Time When |
Specifies the time when something happens. |
"Τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἔφυγον." (On the third day, they fled.) |
| Dative |
Time Within Which |
Specifies the time within which something happens or must happen. |
"Ἐν τούτῳ τῷ χρόνῳ ταῦτα ἐπράχθη." (Within this time, these things were done.) |
| Genitive |
Time Within Which |
Specifies the period within which an action occurs. Often interchangeable with the dative in this usage. |
"Πολλῶν ἐτῶν διαστήματι ταῦτα ἐγένετο." (These things happened over the span of many years.) |
| Accusative |
Extent of Time |
Indicates the duration of time an action takes. |
"Ἔμεινεν ἡμέρας δέκα." (He stayed for ten days.) |
| Genetive |
Genitive of Comparison |
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| Genitive |
Partitive Genitive |
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"Ἔμεινεν ἡμέρας δέκα." (He stayed for ten days.) |
| Dative |
Dative of Degree of Difference |
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